My Final Year Project

A REPORT ON machine- catchled locomote clean JACKETED COOKING peecraft BY PRATAP DESHMUKH 2008A8PS251G AT GADHIA solar immaculatelyton SYSTEMS PVT. LTD. A work coach II station of BIRLA be OF engineering science & SCIENCE, PILANI (JANUARY JUNE 2012) A REPORT ON diversify STEAM JACKETED COOKING VESSEL BY PRATAP DESHMUKH 2008A8PS251G B. E. (Hons) ELEC. & INSTR. prompt in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the gradation no(prenominal) BITS C412 (Practice give lessons II) AT GADHIA SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM PVT. LTD. A Practice School- II station of BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI JANUARY JUNE 2012) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would similar to convey the Managing plowor and Coordinator of Gadhia solar goose egg Systems Pvt. Ltd. , Mr. Badal Shah, for fine-looking us this wonderful fortune. I would alike like to thank my mentor Dr. Vivek Wasekar, fault Pre statusnt R&D and Mr. Veera Prasad Gadde surrogate General Manager, R&D, for be a constant con sultation of guidance and funding through appear my image. I am overly grateful to the Vice Chancellor, BITS Pilani, Prof. B. N. Jain, and the Practice School sign Dean, Mr G.Sundar for tolerant us this opportunity to gain valuable work vex. I am extremely thankful to our mental faculty in charge, Mr. Pavan Kumar Potdar for conducting the planme in an effective manner. PRATAP DESHMUKH 2008A8PS251G rogue 0 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJASTHAN) Practice School Division Station Gadhia solar pushing Systems Pvt Ltd sequence 06 January 2012 20 June 2012 Date of Submission 30 March 2012 Title of the Project AUTOMATED STEAM JACKETED COOKING VESSEL refer PRATAP DESHMUKH ID NO 2008A8PS251G DISCIPLINE B.E. (Hons) ELEC. & INSTR. Centre Valsad, Gujrat. lean of expert Dr. Vivek Wasekar (Associate Manager, Instrumentation Dept. ) Name of the PS Faculty Mr. Pavan Kumar Potdar Key linguistic plow S police squad prep, Jacketed vas, PLC, black market agre ement of system of logic, solar, preparation. Project field of forces A development cast off of a machine- regardled homework system for travel establishery water systemcraft Abstract This report covers the enlarge of the project underinterpreted by me at Gadhia solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. to develop and implement the automation of move preparation with a locomote peaked provision watercraft.It be facial expressions taperes on the proficient and spirit aspects of the stark naked system and provides a detail study of observations aft(prenominal) carrying out of the system (Signatures of Student) __________________ 25 March 2012 (Signature of PS faculty) __________________ 30 March 2012 page 1 BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI (RAJASTHAN) Practice School Division Response Option yellow journalism Station Gadhia solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. ID No. & Name(s) Pratap Deshmukh Centre Valsad, Gujrat 2008A8PS251G Title of the Project AUTOMATED STEAM JACKETED COOKING VESSEL encipher No. 1. 2. 3. Response Options A currentborn course stinkpot be designed out of this project.The project rotter booster hotshotself modification of the course content of nigh of the existing courses. The project end be utilise work only in sal localizesingsal(prenominal) of the existing Compulsory curb Courses (CDC)/Discip epithelial duct Courses Other Than Compulsory (DCOC)/Emerging Area (EA) etc. Courses The project cig bette be apply in preparatory courses like Analysis and Application Orientated Courses (AAOC)/ engineer Sciences (ES)/Technical Arts (TA) and Core Courses This project can non come under all of the in a lavishlyer place mentioned options as it relates to the professional work of the legions organization. Course No. (s) & Name 4. 5. YES Signatures of Students) __________________ (Signature of PS faculty) __________________ Page 2 Abstract Gadhia solar is an innovational solar caloric Energy Comp each, cere brate on providing ability solutions by utilize Parabolic Concentrated Technology, plunk for by technical support from HTT GmbH of Germany. Since its inception, Gadhia solar has been a technologic anyy, solution center oned ships company driven by strong love life for environmental and social contri neverthelession stand with high creativity and integrity. The company is into researching and ontogenesis new alternatives to harvest the unfathomable source of energy.Automated Steam Jacketed Vessel is a new kind of prep argondness vas in itself. The vass employ for soalr thermal planning argon one with direct snapshot of move and clear limited us business begeter. besides with treetoped giveing vessel, any kind of fodder abide bysake can be takeed since the victuals does non come in contact with the move. For preparation nutrient, the temperature of the vessel should be entertained in the bracket of 80-120OC which pull up stakes non solitary(prenom inal) seduce the fodder quicker, but in like manner wont burn it. The vessel was designed with the help of Dr. Vivek Wasekar and for automation of the cookery demonstrate I worked with Mr. Veera Prasad Gadde.For the automation, a Programmable logic Controller (PLC) is being employ which pull up stakes read the temperature at heart the vessel with the help of a confrontation Temperature Detector (RTD) and thereby check over the grooming action. Two Solenoid Valves be being used to conceal the go of locomote and the abridgment indoors the jacket. And alike a oblige regulator is being used to regulate the hale of the go from the foreland. The parabolic answeres result generate the locomote at heart the oral sex. When the outlet of the header is opened, the locomote at high wedge at or so 15 bar entrust be let into the outlet.The pressure regulator bequeath regulate the pressure of the go to a value of nearly 3 bar which go out go towards beginn ing(a) solenoid valve. When the training process is pricked, the first valve get out open and let the go into the jacketed vessel. The go pass on raise the temperature and thereby cook the provender. For the initial implementation, three feed levels energize been considered i. e. sift, dal and ve liveables. match to the f are fact being cooked, the command lead desc barricade the temperature and epoch for grooming and proceed with the cooking. The min solenoid valve impart take on the condensate from the jacket of the vessel.Two diametric loops leave be simultaneously compulsive both valves till the process is stopped or completed. Page 3 About the company Using the exponent of sun as source of energy, Gadhia solar has implemented round of the worlds largest Solar Thermal Systems in terminal stage both decades. Be it industrial, agricultural, institutional or domestic, Gadhia Solar has been a trailblazering company with major(ip) breakthrough in this ara. With extensive experience in installing solar thermal energy systems throughout India and armed with ever improving production facility, Gadhia Solar is the pioneer and market leader in solar thermal energy systems.Gadhia Solar has achieved the ability to develop sundry(a) applications found on Solar Concentrators like Solar provision Applications o Steam readiness o Thermic Oil based grooming, o Direct cookery, o Small Cookers for Family Solar Power Plants Solar Air-Conditioning Space thawing Systems Process Heat for Various industrial Applications Large Scale Drinking wet Systems Solar Hot Water of up to 90 0C Solar Incineration Solar cremation chamber Waste Water Evaporation Solar Desalination Solar Water / take out Pasteurization Specialized in solar thermal technology for the last both decades, Gadhia Solar is able to provide innovative and cost effective energy solutions for various applications on turnkey basis. Gadhia Solar has a highly focused and dedicate d team for research and development in Germany and complimented by a well equipped and automatise manufacturing in India. Page 4 propensity of inserts Figure 1 Previous Direct Steam shooter homework Vessel.. 14 Figure 2 Steam Jacketed Cooking Vessel. . 16 Figure 3 Steam escape plat .. 17 Figure 4 system of logic draw for controlling cooking affair 20 Figure 5 logical system plat for controlling cooking and Condensate Valve . 21 Page 5 TABLE OF table of contents CHAPTER NO. TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT abbreviation bed plane RESPONSE OPTION SHEET ABSTRACT OF PROJECT ABOUT THE connection LIST OF digitURES PAGE NO. 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. . 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 3 3. 1 4. 5. 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 6. Introduction Solar Thermal Cooking Scheffler reflecting telescopes. Steam propagation live Procedure of Cooking Current Design of Vessel Steam Jacketed Cooking Vessel intent the vessel. Steam menses with diagram Automation Instruments Required logic Diagram Programming Completed add and carry ing out References 7 9 9 12 13 15 16 16 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 Page 6 1. Introduction Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt Ltd. has been making Scheffler reflecting telescopes for various drives. The rudimentary idea that leads to the development of the Scheffler- Reflectors was to beget solar cooking as gentle as possible.At the same time the tress should be build in a flair that reserves it to be constructed in any agrestic welding workshop after a authoritative period of training. The locally procurable solids must be sufficient for the plait of the reflecting telescope. The movement started when the first well cognitive process Scheffler-Reflector (size 1,1m x 1,5m) was successfully built by Mr. Wolfgang Scheffler in 1986 at a mission-station in North-Kenya. Since thusly the technology has been continuously ameliorate and passed on to many motivated people. This lead to the use of Scheffler reflecting telescopes in non unspoilt cooking but as well as former(a) app lications like VAM, stale storage, etc. For cooking application, these Scheffler-reflecting telescopes are used to generate locomote in the header pipe.The wet inner the header is hot uped with the reflecting telescope and delinquent to the continuous in roll of heat locomote clean at high pressure is generated intimate the header. When the outlet of the header is opened, this travel at a high temperature and pressure is used for cooking. A valve is connected to the move boundary which goes to the cooking vessel. When the valve is opened, the steam is let into the vessel and hence the food is cooked with it. Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt Ltd has installed many solar cooking systems in India. They conduct installed the worlds largest solar parabolic intemperate technology systems at Shri Saibaba Sansthan Trust, Shirdi. This system uses the same Scheffler- reflectors to produce steam from water and uses that generated steam to cook the food.The solar cooking vessels used menstruationly are being operated manual of armsly and necessitate at least one labor per cooking vessel to operate. The cooking is done by direct guess of steam into the vessel. When the food is cooked by direct injection of steam into the food, as the steam is at high pressure and temperature, it comes out of the vessel. on that pointfore all of the energy of the steam can non be employ for cooking. This increases the heat losses and in like manner increases the cooking time. Also due to the causa of vessel, it is not possible to cook contrasting showcases of food. stake of contamination is overly involved if the water source is not clean. So for this purpose a new design of cooking vessel was proposed.This vessel used the energy of steam to heat the food without glide path in contact with it. The Steam Jacketed Cooking Vessel Page 7 was designed to solve the problems which were faced by the earlier used cooking vessel. In this vessel, the steam was being pas sed in the jacket just about the cooking vessel. As the steam condenses inner(a) the jacket, it transfers its heat energy to the food indoors and cooks the food. For the Automation of the cooking process, a Programmable logical system Controller is used which will control the temperature at bottom the cooking vessel and cook the food matchly. The temperature inside(a) the vessel will be measured by a RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector).This reading will be bear upon by the PLC as an Analog Input, and according to the food item selected to be cooked, the PLC will select the cooking temperature and time and start the process on users command. The process can be controlled by a START button, STOP button, and food type selection button geological formation RICE, DAL and VEGETABLE for each button. The nub first needs to select the type of food that has to be cooked. According to the selection, several(prenominal) LED will turn on which will show the food item selected. Even after selecting an item, the choice can be modificationd to another food item. after selection, the START button is required to be press which will start the cooking.The cooking algorithm will take sell of the temperature and the time required for cooking. If the food gets cooked before the timer gets over, or several(prenominal)whatthing goes wrong with the process, the mover can manually shut allthing knock down by pressing STOP button. This cooking vessel will increase the types of food that can be cooked with steam. The automation of the vessel will reduce the need of manual labor and will also cook the food faster at optimal temperatures. Page 8 2. Solar Thermal Cooking 2. 1 The Scheffler Reflector The belief The basic idea that leads to the development of the Scheffler- Reflectors was to make solar cooking as comfortable as possible.At the same time the thingummy should be build in a style that allows it to be constructed in any rural welding workshop in southern c ountries after a certain period of training. The locally visible(prenominal) materials must be sufficient. The Technology To make cooking simple and comfortable the cooking-place should not constitute to be moved, even better it should be inside the house and the concentrating reflector right(prenominal) in the sun. The best solution was an eccentric, elastic parabolic reflector which scatters around an axis vertebra parallel to earth-axis, synchronised with the sun. Additionally the reflector is adjusted to the seasons by flexing it in a simple way. How does this work? The reflector is a small lateral section of a much larger paraboloid. The inc quarterd undertake produces the typical elliptical shape of the Scheffler-Reflector.The sunshine that falls onto this section of the paraboloid is reflected sideways to the focus regain at some distance of the reflector. The axis of daily rotation is located exactly in north-south-direction, parallel to earth axis and runs thr ough the heart of gravitation of the reflector. That way the reflector always maintains its gravitative equilibrium and the mechanical tracking device (clockwork) doesnt need to be driven by much force to rotate it synchronous with the sun. The focus is located on the axis of rotation to prevent it from moving when the reflector rotates. The distance between focus and centralise of the reflector dep ends on the selected parabola. During the day the concentrated vigilant will only rotate around its own centre but not move Page 9 ideways in any direction. That way the focus bides fixed, which is genuinely useful, as it mover the cooking-pot doesnt have to be moved either. In the course of the seasons the concomitant angle of the solar radiation varies + / 23. 5 in social intercourse with the perpendicular to earth-axis. The paraboloid has to perform the same change of inclination in order to stay directed at the sun. Otherwise its not possible to flummox a calculative fo cal point. But the centre of the reflector and the position of the focus are not allowed to move. This is only possible by shaping the reflector after another parabola for each seasonal inclinationangle of the sun, i. e. for each day of the year.This means the reflector has to change its shape. The reflector-frame is build for equinox. By inclining and elastically deforming the reflectorframe all other parabolas can be achieved with sufficient accuracy. Changing the inclination and deforming the reflector are mechanically unite the twain pivots, at each side of the reflector-frame, and a pivot in the centre of the reflector, do not form a parameter, but the instant is located below. That way inclining the reflector leads to a change in its depth, the centre of the reflector is elevate up (big radius of crossbars) or pressed down (small radius of crossbars) relative to the reflector-frame.Its ample to adjust the upper and lower end of the reflector to their coiffure position to obtain a sufficiently exact reflector-shape. The move is done by a seeable bar at each end of the reflector. Adjusting the reflector-shape has to be done manually all 2-3 days. When all concentrated light enters the break of the cooking-place installed at the focal point the correct reflectorshape is achieved. after(prenominal) fleeting the opening the light is redirected by a small reflector (secondary reflector) to the black piece of ass of the cooking pot. there it is absorbed and transformed into heat. The cleverness for cooking, i. e. heating system water from 25C to cC, can reach up to 57% and depends on the cleanliness of the eflector-surface and the state of insulation of the cooking-pot. At the focalpoint itself we have measured optical efficiency of up to 75% (with 2mm ordinary film over mirrors). Depending on the season an elliptical reflector of 2,8m x 3. 8m (standard size of 8m? SchefflerReflector) collects the sunlight of a 4,3m? to 6,4m? area, measured pe rpendicular to the direction of the incident light (aperture). That way the cooking male monarch varies with the season. As an average a 8m? Reflector can bring 22 liters of cold water to boiling temperature within one hour (with 700W/m? direct solar radiation). Page 10 There are many options for the design of the cooking-place.Mostly it is integrated into a kitchen building and provides the possibility to use firewood for cooking when the sun doesnt shine. Depending on the type of food which is cooked there is no need for a secondary reflector. This increases the efficiency and simplifies maintenance. Instead of a cooking-place a backing-oven, steam-generator or heat-storage can be installed at the focal-point. Page 11 2. 2 Steam Generation With the use of the Schefflor Reflectors, steam at high temperature and pressure can be generated with ease. Steam in staring(a) temperature can be make available at high pressure by concentrating the focus and heating the water in a closed system with the focused heat. The focus of the reflector has to be concentrated onto a recipient role of the header pipe.The receiver is painted black to absorb close of the radiation incident on it. The temperature of the focus of a 16m2 Scheffler Reflector can be as high as 700oC and at the receiver it is around 230oC. At such high temperatures, the water inside the header is being heated. Because of the continuous heat submit from the reflector, the water inside the header gets reborn into steam. With time, more than steam is being generated and pressure inside the header increases. It is possible to get pressure of 15 barg in around 4 hours using four 12. 5 m2 Scheffler Reflectors under ideal conditions and this steam can be used to cook dickens batches of 25kg of rice. Page 12 2. Current action of cooking The reliable procedure for cooking is by direct injection of steam into the cooking vessel. The food cooked by this procedure dwells of mainly rice, dal and some v egetables. entirely of them are cooked in direct steam. beginning the outlet valve of the header is opened to a little extent. The drain valve at the vessel is opened to remove the condensate. After every cooking session, there is leftover condensate in the steam line. Since that condensate should not come in contact with food, it needs to be drained out first. After the condensate is removed, the condensate valve is closed and the steam is let into the cooking vessel.The cooking vessel contains a pre defined sum of money of water with the food to be cooked. The steam is passed through the mixture, the temperature increases and the cooking starts. Also the operator needs to compel the mixture at perpetual intervals. In a 100 liters cooking vessel, it takes almost 15 minutes to cook around 28 kilograms of rice. Since the process involves direct injection of steam, the water used reaches the boiling promptly and the food gets cooked faster. But during cooking, after the water has reached its boiling point, a huge a championship of steam goes starts to escape the vessel as the vessel has an open lid. This results into loss of a manage of heat energy which could have been used in cooking the rice quickly.When the food gets cooked, the stand of the vessel has a tilting arrangement with the help of which the operator can take out the food from the vessel. So all the valves are closed and then the vessel is tilted to take the food out. The food is not processed after that, it is collected and served directly. Page 13 2. 4 Current Design of vessel The current design of the cooking vessel is very effective for direct steam cooking. But for the food items which cannot be cooked by steam directly, it is very difficult for the operator to cook such foods. As mentioned the current design uses a direct injection system. The steam from header is carried by the steam line to the vessel where it is regulated with the help of a ball valve.The construction of the vessel i s do to facilitate cooking with the help of steam. The vessels bottom dish is a regular torispherical dish and it has a overreach of same diameter of that of the bottom dish. There is another plate with a defined curvature above the bottom dish with small holes in it. This plate is for passing the steam into the cooking material. When food is put into the vessel, some predefined amount of water is added with it. So during cooking process, the water gets heated ab initio and then the cooking starts. Due to direct injection of steam at temperature great than 100oC, the water reaches boiling point in a short period of time. hence the cooking process starts.The operator closes the valve when he thinks that the food is appropriately cooked. Figure 1 Previous Direct Steam Injection Cooking Vessel Page 14 The present design has some benefits, but there is also another side to it. There are some problems with the current design which cannot be rectified without changing the design. T he Advantages and Disadvantages of the present design are listed below. Advantages 1. It facilitates faster cooking time. 2. Since less material is used in manufacture, it saves manufacturing cost. 3. The design is simple which reduces manufacturing time. 4. As it is lighter, it is easier to transport. Disadvantages 1. There are substantial heat losses during the cooking process. 2.Since the operators cook in an open lid vessel to keep a watch on the food, lot of steam escapes the vessel resulting decreasing the efficiency of process. 3. If the condensed water in the steam line is contaminated, then there are chances of the food getting contaminated. 4. As the outer photographic plate is not insulated, operator has to be guarded or it could lead to injuries. Page 15 3. Steam Jacketed Cooking Vessel. 3. 1 Designing the Vessel. The design of the vessel was to be make in such a way that it is easy and economic to manufacture. The material elect for the pilot project of Steam Jackete d Cooking Vessel was Stainless Steel of the grade 304. This material was chosen as it is not affected by steam and it also resists corrosion. The size of the vessel was chosen to be 100 liters.The dimensions of the inner vessel were taken from the existing direct steam injection vessel whose volume was 10 liters. thus according to the pressure calculations, the thickness of the pall and volume of the jacket was defined. The thickness of the vessel is defined as 4mm and volume of the jacket is approximately 1 cubic m for a pressure of 3 barg inside the jacket of the vessel. The vessel is having 3 openings in the outer shell. Two of them are on the horizontal shell and one is in the bottom of the outer dish end. verboten of the three openings, one is used for steam injection, one for a safety valve and the bottom one for removal of condensate.All the openings are of 1 inch diameter and will have pipes welded to it for injection of steam, safety valve and condensate removal. The ves sel will have two more openings which will be used to mount the RTD and the temperature gauge to measure the temperature inside the vessel. The final drawing of the vessel is shown in FIG 1. Figure 2 Steam Jacketed Cooking Vessel. Page 16 4. Steam Flow Diagrams. Water is supplied to the header tank from an command processing overhead tank. Either the overhead tank is at a greater height than that of header, or a sometimes a small pump is used to pump water into the Header. The Solar Concentrators are focused on the receivers attach on the header pipe.The receivers are painted black to absorb upper limit amount of radiation incident on it. These receivers heat the water inside the header and generate steam at higher pressure. This generated steam is vented to the Steam line and the pressure is controlled by the Pressure modulate valve. The solenoid valve SOV1 controls the steam input into the vessel. Thus the temperature inside the vessel can be controlled by controlling SOV1. As the steam is let inside, it will condense after giving its heat. For removal of this condensate, another solenoid valve has been provided SOV2. This valve will remove the condensate at regular intervals. Figure 3 Steam Flow Diagram Page 17 5.Automation 5. 1 Instruments required. 1. Programmable Logic Controller A chopinemable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, impedance to electrical noise, and defense to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine public presentation are typically stored in battery-backed-up or nonvolatile memory.A PLC is an illustration of a real time system since output results must be produced in resp onse to input conditions within a limited time, otherwise unintended operation will result. 2. 2-way ON/OFF Solenoid Valve A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for use with silver-tongued or gas. The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or slay in the case of a three-port valve, the natural spring is switched between the two outlet ports. For this application, two valves will be used. One will be controlling the steam injection into the jacket. The other valve will be winning care of condensate removal from the jacket. 3. Resistance Temperature Detector.Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) are sensors used to measure temperature by correlating the hold dearion of the RTD constituent with temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a length of fine spiral wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. The element is usually quite fragile, so it is lots placed inside a cover probe to pr otect it. The RTD element is make from a pure material whose resistance at various temperatures has been documented. The material has a predictable change in resistance as the temperature changes it is this predictable change that is used to determine temperature. Page 18 For this application, we will be using a PT-100 RTD with a thermowell.The RTD will be mounted inside the thermowell for its protection from the steam inside the jacket. Thermowell also enables us to change the RTD with ease in case the RTD fails. 4. Pressure Regulator A pressure regulator is a valve that mechanically cuts off the flow of a liquid or gas at a certain pressure. Regulators are used to allow high-pressure fluid supply lines or tanks to be reduced to safe and/or usable pressures for various applications. Since the header pressure is much more than undeniable for the application, the pressure will be reduced using a Pressure Regulator. The pressure needed for the application is 3 barg while the header can supply pressure 0-15 barg.To have a steady supply of steam and maintain the pressure and temperature, we will be using a pressure regulator. 5. Temperature guess with Thermowell Temperature Gauge is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient using a multifariousness of different principles. A Temperature gauge has two important elements the temperature sensor in which some physical change occurs with temperature, plus some means of converting this physical change into a numerical value. A temperature gauge mounted inside a threaded thermowell will be used. Since the temperature reading needed is of the food inside the vessel, the temperature gauge will be mounted on the side of the vessel just like the RTD. The thermowell will protect the Temperature Gauge rom steam inside the jacket of the vessel. Page 19 5. 2 Logic Diagram The first plat displays the logic for controlling cooking process. With routine the device ON, it will start the procedure. According to the outcome of the decision block, it will answer and execute. Figure 4 Logic Diagram for controlling cooking procedure Page 20 The algorithms given below control the cooking of the food by maintain a specific temperature bracket inside the vessel. 3oC range is provided so that the solenoid valves wont switch ON/OFF at particular temperature which could result in damage. The second logic is for the condensate valve SOV2 which will be ON/OFF at regular intervals.Figure 5 Logic Diagram for controlling cooking and Condensate Valve Page 21 5. 3 Programming Most of the Programmable Logic Controllers use a different computer computer programming language. The language used by them is called Ladder Logic. Ladder logic is a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware. It is primarily used to develop parcel for programmable logic controllers (PLCs) used in industrial control applications. The name is based on the observation that programs in this language correspond runnings, with two vertical rails and a series of horizontal rungs between them.The antecedently shown logic will be do in Ladder Logic. It will then be downloaded into the flash memory of the Programmable Logic Controller. The PLC will execute the logic and hence it will monitor and process the parameters involved. In this project, the opening and closing of both valves and will be monitoring the temperature during the process. The program is made on proprietary software which is supplied by the vendor of the PLC. Every PLC make has specific software which is used to build the program and download the program into the PLC. It can also be used to change the process parameters in online mode. The software also provides offline example of the process.For data logging purposes, usually different software is used. The Ladder Logic for the project is under construction and will be finished by the time procurance of all t he instruments is done. The parameters which need to be used in the logic will be found out during the processing of the procurance of instruments. During the period of procurement, the manufacturing of the vessel and designing the range logic will be done. Page 22 6. Completed Work and Implementation From the start, the project has been progressed according to the timeline. Now, all the instruments and material needed for the project has been indented and is in process. around of the instruments have been dispatched.But for procuring the entire indent, it is going to take some more time. Meanwhile, since the Logic is available, the ladder program is being made and is come up completion. Also, the manufacturing of vessel is in process and the vessel will be ready by the end of next week. After program is completed, some more time will be given to test it in offline mode and debug the program is any bugs are found. After all the materials are processed and the final values for t he process parameters are found out, the project will enter the implementation and testing phase. The entire infrastructure needed for the cooking vessel and the instruments will be constructed on the site.For different types of foods, the values initially found out of temperature and time will be used. If the parameters are not off by some amount, they will be rectified and the control will be made as efficient as possible. During the implementation, various temperature and time readings will be taken. For every type of food item, a detailed sheet should be made which will have all the parameters. According to the observed readings, new and better parameters will be determined which should reduce the cooking time and also increase the efficiency. Page 23 References The Scheffler reflector http//www. solare-bruecke. org/ www. en. wikipedia. com http//www. spiraxsarco. com/resources/resources. asp www. mnre. gov. in Page 24