Tokugawa essays

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Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Management - Essay Example The correct spread and utilization of data is power. Appropriately, the change of information from inner and outside sources into data is called Information Systems. This is otherwise called Information Management and is ordinarily PC based. It helps in upgrading the dynamic procedure, improves the activities, helps in generally speaking development of the organization. It incorporates equipment, programming, individuals, correspondence framework, and the information itself. Data Systems can be utilized in an organization be it assembling, retailing, or the administration business. This report investigates the utilization of IS in the flexibly chain the board. Gracefully chain the board includes getting the correct things at the spots at the perfect time for most extreme benefit. Zara, a main Spanish Fashion garments organization, is a great case of having a strange and front line approach in the gracefully chain the board. To oblige the changing requests of the clients, a few makers deal with the executives of gracefully and appropriation notwithstanding planning. Zara is one such organization, which has held direct command over the whole procedure. Today Zara has achieved the differentiation of being a worldwide brand having its quality in 60 nations with more than 858 retail shops in large urban communities of the world (Inditex). It has utilized the assets and accomplished the present position. They apply the â€Å"sense and respond† plan of action in this flexibly chain the board. They respond promptly on the grounds that they have direct access to request information. They base their item plan and advancement on the interest information gathered from the POS or the POS information mining innovation. Data from their stores is continually transmitt ed to the group of 200 architects. This gives them a serious edge undoubtedly. Zara works at the pace of the general public (Zara). This report would analyze how successfully Zara utilizes Information System to

Literary Research Paper for Sale

Literary Research Paper for Sale Literary Research Paper Topics When students are assigned a literary essay or a research paper, they find themselves at a loss when they have to come up with their own literary research paper topics. For some students, choosing a topic for an academic paper on their own is even more difficult and challenging than writing the very paper. It has been proven that students often spend a lot of time on selecting literary research paper topics since they hesitate whether the subject will be interesting for the target audience and whether it will be relevant to the topic issues happening around. However, even if you are often assigned papers where you are supposed to come up with a topic of your own choice, there is a way out. You can always seek help from custom writing companies that can not only help you when you are at a loss how to write a literary research paper but that can also help you when you need some original and creative ideas regarding what topic to choose. What is a Research Paper? As a rule, a research paper has no limits in its length: on average, it can be from 5 to 20 pages long. Professors usually give some two-three weeks for students to conduct research, review the necessary literature, and provide the final findings. By assigning research papers, professors can check students practical abilities in research, their critical and analytical thinking, the capability to analyze and provide supporting evidence, and the overall fluency in academic English. To ease the process of literary research paper writing and make it less tedious and time-consuming, students are encouraged to compose a literary research paper outline. An outline can be considered as a backbone of the paper, which helps you form a clear picture in your mind what components the paper will have and how the ideas will be developed. A research paper should also have a strong and clear introductory paragraph. It should grab the readers interest in your topic and the way you narrate it. A hook is an essential part of the introduction. When ending the introductory paragraph, make sure to end it with a strong and clear argumentative thesis statement. It should briefly convey the main idea of the paper and focus readers interest on the most crucial aspect.

Literary Research Paper for Sale

Literary Research Paper for Sale Literary Research Paper Topics When students are assigned a literary essay or a research paper, they find themselves at a loss when they have to come up with their own literary research paper topics. For some students, choosing a topic for an academic paper on their own is even more difficult and challenging than writing the very paper. It has been proven that students often spend a lot of time on selecting literary research paper topics since they hesitate whether the subject will be interesting for the target audience and whether it will be relevant to the topic issues happening around. However, even if you are often assigned papers where you are supposed to come up with a topic of your own choice, there is a way out. You can always seek help from custom writing companies that can not only help you when you are at a loss how to write a literary research paper but that can also help you when you need some original and creative ideas regarding what topic to choose. What is a Research Paper? As a rule, a research paper has no limits in its length: on average, it can be from 5 to 20 pages long. Professors usually give some two-three weeks for students to conduct research, review the necessary literature, and provide the final findings. By assigning research papers, professors can check students practical abilities in research, their critical and analytical thinking, the capability to analyze and provide supporting evidence, and the overall fluency in academic English. To ease the process of literary research paper writing and make it less tedious and time-consuming, students are encouraged to compose a literary research paper outline. An outline can be considered as a backbone of the paper, which helps you form a clear picture in your mind what components the paper will have and how the ideas will be developed. A research paper should also have a strong and clear introductory paragraph. It should grab the readers interest in your topic and the way you narrate it. A hook is an essential part of the introduction. When ending the introductory paragraph, make sure to end it with a strong and clear argumentative thesis statement. It should briefly convey the main idea of the paper and focus readers interest on the most crucial aspect.

Workplace Wellness Essay - 1316 Words

INTRODUCTION Health and wellness in the workplace is crucial to business success. Increasingly, it is recognized that the workplace itself has a powerful affect on people’s health. When people are satisfied with their job, they are more productive and tend to be healthier. When employees feel that the environment at work is negative, they feel stressed. Stress has a large impact on employee mental and physical health, and in turn, on productivity. Companies that promote healthy lifestyle habits for employees to improve their health, often take the success of the company to heart and are likely to be absent less often for health related reasons. Employers are now offering a wide range of wellness initiatives; such as health risk†¦show more content†¦Employee Health and Wellness Are Suffering: †¢ Less than one third of employees (28%) today say their overall health is â€Å"excellent†Ã¢â‚¬â€a significant decline of 6% from 2002. †¢ 41% of employees report experiencing three or more indicators of stress sometimes, often or very often, which is a significant increase from 2002. †¢ Work-life conflict increasing, especially for men. †¢ One in three employees experiences one or more symptoms of clinical depression. †¢ 49% of employees have not engaged in regular physical exercise in the last 30 days. †¢ One in four smokes. †¢ While little changed since 2002, 27% of employees still experience some kind of sleep problem that affected their job performance within the last month at least sometimes. †¢ Nearly two out of three employed individuals (62%) are overweight or obese. †¢ 8% of employees have no health insurance from any source, with low-wage/low-income employees less likely to have access and least likely to use even if they do have access. There are a vast number of types of workplace wellness programs. In general, workplace wellness programs encourage people to take steps to prevent the onset or worsening of a health condition or sickness and to adopt lifestyles that are healthier. Businesses may implement many types of workplace wellness programs, from onsite gyms to simple workplace wellness newsletters. While some corporations have instituted very comprehensive workplace wellnessShow MoreRelatedWellness Programs in the Workplace2930 Words   |  12 PagesStates. In response, employers, in an attempt to increase productivity and decrease health insurance costs, have created wellness programs to combat the growing trend of unhealthy living habits. This paper will discuss the different components of a wellness program, explore a typical employer’s overall wellness strategy, and analyze incentives and trends in common wellness programs in America. The frequency of unhealthy lifestyle choices such as inactivity, poor nutrition, tobacco use and alcoholRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader? Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagespage 166) those leaders showed all times their values, their beliefs and their actions as one element. Tony Hsieh put in place in the company his vision to lead Zappos to a new innovate role to how do business and the same time be happy in your workplace. He embrace the concept of Holacracy, this process provide business effectiveness with â€Å"flexible organization structure, with clear roles and accountabilities, new meeting format, geared toward action and eliminating over analysis, more autonomyRead MoreWellness Plan for Factory Direct Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesADVANTAGES According to Hareyah (2009), healthier employees will spend less time away from work; this can be the result of an effective wellness program. Sick employees who continue to present themselves at work can have a negative effect on employee morale. A company wellness program can improve the overall health and wellbeing of your employees. This can contribute to a decrease in presenteeism, and effectively increase employee morale. An ill employee can also cause other employees to fallRead MoreHrci Exam Guide9197 Words   |  37 Pagesa. both line and staff responsibilities. b. staff responsibilities but not line responsibilities. c. line responsibilities but not staff responsibilities. d. neither line nor staff responsibilities. 19. Technological changes in the workplace have influenced the practice of HR management because: a. employees need less training when organizations use technology. b. technological changes have changed the nature of work. c. organizational spending on technology has reduced the fundsRead MoreStress Management in the Workplace1100 Words   |  5 PagesORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 1 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Consultant For Methodist Hospital: Stress Management Module Tomeka Flowers ORG 5270 University of the Rockies ORG 5270: Mental Health amp; Psychopathology in the Workplace 2 Week 2 Online Writing Assignment Abstract In recent months Methodist Hospital have developed a stress management program. The organization is struggling in their ability consistently manage the programRead MoreDisney s Organizational Structure Of Mgm1705 Words   |  7 Pagescorrelation between job satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Increased job satisfaction leads to increased customer satisfaction and decreases behaviors negatively associated with disengaged, or even disgruntled employees, like absenteeism and workplace deviant behavior. Communication is another aspect of business within MGM that is regarded highly among its leaders and employees, starting with CEO, Jim Murren, down to Roxanne Ramirez, a card and gaming table manager, and countless others. CommunicationRead MoreEmployee Benefits Programs And Pay Structure1119 Words   |  5 Pagesall the accommodative changes will be applied to their workplace. The company will also extend health benefits for long-term disability to 10 years, and the contribution rate will be 10% of the health care charges incurred by the employee. Employee Assistance Plan The company will also provide the DSL with confidential services to help them deal with significant life changing events or any confidential therapy to enhance their state of wellness. Support and coaching services will also be availed byRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Benefits1957 Words   |  8 Pagesand reduced absenteeism (Artz, 2010). While health and life insurance are common benefits provided to employees, firms also offer EAP programs, child care, flexible work hours, work-at-home programs, long-term disability insurance, and health and wellness programs including well-baby programs, gym memberships, stress reduction programs, on-site flu vaccines, and weight management programs. Relatively little is known about how corporations make decisions about the benefits they offer theirRead MoreHealth and Wellness in the Workplace1154 Words   |  5 PagesHealth and Wellness in the Workplace Health and wellness in the workplace is crucial to business success. Healthy employees are more productive and they cost less. The quality of health is intimately connected to the quality of life. Companies that promote healthy lifestyle habits for employees to improve their health, often take the success of the company to heart and are likely to be absent less often for health related reasons. Employers are now offering a wide range of wellness initiatives;Read MoreWellness in the Corporate Workplace1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Corporate Wellness? Corporate wellness programs are designed to help employers to be acclimated into wellness through their work environment. These wellness programs will help many companies attract and keep their employees healthy at the same time, along with reduce the cost of healthcare within the company. When there is â€Å"healthier employees,† then lower healthcare plans for the company. â€Å"According to BusinessWeek, Scotts Miracle Grow instituted a corporate wellness program, after the

Merit 1 †Compare and Contrast Two Businesses - 750 Words

Merit 1 – Compare and Contrast two businesses For this assignment I am going to compare and contrast two selected businesses. I will concentrate on their ownership and their aims and objectives. My first business is Tesco the biggest retail company in Britain. My second business is McDonald’s one of the largest franchise fast food outlets in the world. The aim of McDonald’s is to serve good food in a friendly and fun environment and to provide good returns to their share holders. So the purpose of McDonald’s is to satisfy their customer with high quality of food, quick service and value for money. The purpose of Tesco is to sell every day necessities to the whole population such as food, clothes, electric goods such as well as†¦show more content†¦A plc has more chance to become successfully. The company produce goods at lower unit cost and has bulk purchasing and cheaper borrowing. Another advantage of a franchise is that you use a recognized business name and reputation also the franchise benefit from advertising or promoting. The franchise has to share all the profit with the franchisor while Tesco which is a public limited company have to share their profit between a great numbers of people. Shares can be advertised and sold through the stock exchange. Another advantage of a public limited company it has more chance to become successful because they have thousand people who working for it, with many skills, idea and experiences. Franchisee is different from a public limited company has it is dependent on the franchisor skills. If the franchisor goes out of business or gets a bad reputation, this will cause problems in the business. One of the key similarities between these two types of ownership is liability. The franchise and public limited company have limited liability. This means protections of their shareholder from losing their personal finances if the company goes bankrupt. If the company fail they only lose their invested money in the business. If business wants to become a limited liability can it be complicated and expensive to set the business, decisions can take longer and it takes a lot of legal requirements. McDonald’s is a large company because it is run as a franchise soShow MoreRelatedTesco Boston Matrix and Ansoff Matrix1156 Words   |  5 PagesCRITERIA PROPOSED ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE (TBC) Assessment Evidence Answer paper The Learner should be able to: 1. Establish the importance of the marketing environment The Learner can: 1.1 Analyses the difference between micro and macro environmental factors 1.2 Compare and contrast a minimum of two tools such as SWOT and POWER SWOT and apply to business solutions 1.3 Critically contrast Primary and Secondary research methods 2.1 Evaluate the use of tools such as Boston and Ansoff Matrix to businessRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. TheyRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Construction Industry1235 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Introduction: There are different types of businesses operating all around the world for improving the living standards of human kind, whereas construction industry is providing efficient structures for domestic living, travel and business purposes. The construction industry is considered very risky field of operation due to more physical labour required for completing the projects. There are different stages of construction projects, whereas large number of workforce is completing these stagesRead MoreBtec higher national diploma2227 Words   |  9 Pagesthis unit is to give learners an understanding of individual and group behaviour in organisations and to examine current theories and their application in managing behaviour in the workplace. On successful completion of this unit a learner will: 1 Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture 2 Understand different approaches to management and leadership 3 Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations 4 Understand mechanisms for developing effectiveRead MoreUnit 12 Assingment Brief2815 Words   |  12 PagesContent 3 Learning outcomes 3 Due Dates: 3 Scenario 3 P-1 Describe what role internet marketing has within a modern marketing context 3 P-2 Describe the principal benefits of internet marketing to customers 3 M-1 Analyse the benefits of internet marketing for customers 3 D-1 Evaluate the effectiveness of internet business 3 P-3 The benefits and opportunities to the business o 3 P-4 Investigate the challenges faced by businesses using internet Marketing 3 Delivery 3 Links to other BTECRead MoreCemex Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesoperations. However, allowing a foreign company to control an industry that is necessary to a country could be detrimental to the nation. 1. Which theoretical explanation (or explanations) of FDI best explains CEMEX’s FDI? 1. Internalization theory best explains CEMEX’s FDI because CEMEX entered into many countries and bought domestic cement businesses instead of licensing. CEMEX has a great system and needs to protect it from competitors. 2. What value does CEMEX bring to a host economyRead MoreThe Role Of Judges Lawyers And Lay People Within The English Courts Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesMerit –compare and contrast the role of judges ,lawyers and lay people within the English courts. In this task I will write a report about comparing the roles of judges, lawyers and lay people within the English courts. Solicitors and barristers are both known as lawyers this term â€Å"lawyer† is used to describe anyone who is a qualified legal practitioner. One of the main differences is the job role a solicitor is a legal expert who provides expert legal advice and they come into more contact withRead MoreStarbucks and Caribou Coffee: A Comparative Analysis1664 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The two companies that are the subject of this report are Starbucks and Caribou Coffee. Starbucks operated internationally from an early point in its history, opening its 10th store in Vancouver its second market was international, before anybody in the US outside Seattle had heard of Starbucks. Now the company operates around the world. While its coffee business has not generally been built on the basis of acquisitions, it has attempted to complement that business and enter new onesRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Packages Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect its employee’s mor ale, turnover rate and longevity; by making a strategic decision to implement compensation and benefit packages that will encourage current workers to stay and entice new applicants. Money is not always the inherent reason businesses experience high turnover rate, the constant shifting in the job market will always be a contributing factor as well as employee’s moral. Mayhew, R. (2016), explains that an â€Å"employee compensation plan† refers to all the components offered as wellRead MoreMarketing And Newsletter Marketing Strategies1244 Words   |  5 Pages1.Introduction: ConAir is a airline company and has encountered the problems with its successful marketing strategies, which gives rise to a loss of market shares. In this report, it is mainly focusing on coming up with two forms of marketing strategies embracing online marketing and newsletter marketing to solve the problem occurred in ConAir airline company. During the whole report, it is important to see the comparison of online marketing and newsletter marketing, and provide some effective and

The Biggest Myth About Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Exposed The Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Cover Up On-line writing is a really amazing medium, only recently offered. Prove to them that you're right dependent on the available info, not based on experience. Selecting an intriguing topic is important for the success of your research project because it is going to send you in the appropriate direction and help you to stay interested and motivated during the whole writing process. There are a lot of good and bad examples out there on what things to write and the way to tell a story. Who Else Wants to Learn About Interesting Topics to Write College Essay? Use an anecdote It is crucial to engage the admission board from the very start. If you're a college student, odds are you have recent knowledge in deciding on a college major. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is needed in order to have a thriving life. Often you'll get m uch better grades if you are able to write on something important. There's an additional thing you have to know and realize. Lots of people associate the idea of standing out as something bold and daring in regards to the information they offer and the way that it is presented. It may be hard for you to develop an original topic about life because so many individuals have written about it already. The issue is they often take an excessive amount of time and energy. The Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Game Using somebody else's subject (or his essay for this matter) is not a very good idea. You might find that lots of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any type of writing assignment. Just figure out what are the sort of topics it is possible to write about. Qualities of a fantastic persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. What's Actually Going on with Interesting Topics to Write College Essay You've approached the last portion of your essay. Obviously, it's possible to write essay topics beforehand. Thus, you should start writing essay topics in many ways. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. The sports essay is predictable and ought to be avoided, if at all possible. The admission board understands that you're not Shakespeare. It will be simpler that you compose an excellent persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Know your prompt It is crucial to comprehend the essay prompt to craft a superb college application essay. A classification essay may be a good source of self-reflection. Among the various types of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. If you understand how to compose an article critique, you will readily finish the assignment not based on its complexity and formatting peculiarities. If you would like your persuasive essay to acquire the greatest possible scores, you should not just focus on its key elements but also to the format and outline. All of these have specific requirements, and therefore you need to understand how to format your essay ahead of time. Be sure you use headings intelligently it makes the document so a lot more readable. Interesting Topics to Write College Essay - Dead or Alive? There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The claim about value You don't need to be part of the nerdy writers club to understand the significance of writing in our everyday lives. Some political topics include things like pending legislative debts, the budget or employment development. To begin with, your key to winning essay is a very clear comprehension of what it is you are likely to handle. Interesting Topics to Write College Essay - Overview There's a selection of essay types, and every one of them are able to assist you in developing your abilities and widening your knowledge. Write about it here to aid you in getting started. Use comparisons and analogies to create concepts memorable You can readily get clear on the topic if you compare the specific topic with different topics. Among the toughest sections of writing th e chemistry paper is making the option of what topic to write about, especially as it appears that chemistry topics are extremely similar to one another. Prioritize the topics The student needs to understand how to prioritize the topics depending on the mark distribution of the topics. During the class, you may run into many exciting topics. The Chronicles of Interesting Topics to Write College Essay In the 21st century, college interviews are lost on the best way to the VCR, in other words, they are normally used. The majority of the time it so happens that the students stray away from the principal purpose and mention things that are not even remotely linked to the subject. Your persuasive essay ought to have a very clear plan, which will provide you an opportunity to center on the most important elements of the work and put aside all of the minor arguments. Though writing a winning college study essay may look like an intimidating task, it actually needs some preparation f or caution, originality, and plenty of patience.

T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” Essay Sample free essay sample

Eliot imparts to us the Grail quest’s influence on â€Å"The Waste Land† in the notes: â€Å"Not merely the rubric. but the program and a good trade of the incidental symbolism of the verse form were suggested by Miss Jessie L. Weston’s book on the Grail fable: From Ritual to Romance ( Macmillan ) . Indeed. so profoundly am I indebted. Miss Weston’s book will clarify the troubles of the verse form much better than my notes can make ; and I recommend it ( apart from the great involvement of the book itself ) to any who think such elucidation of the verse form worth the problem. † Indeed. much of the verse form reflects the narrative of the Grail quest itself ; when confronted with a comfortable land turned into waste as a consequence of the wounding or sick wellness of the Fisher King who presides over the land. a hero begins a pursuit which finally must reconstruct the male monarch to wellness in order to â€Å"free the waters† ( R2R ) and reconstruct the land itself. As the hero must mend this desolate barren which was one time a happy and lively topographic point. so excessively are traces of happier times distressingly remembered among devastation and desperation throughout â€Å"The Waste Land. † seen even in the gap of the verse form: â€Å"April is the barbarous month. genteelnessLilacs out of the dead land. blendingMemory with desire. stirringDull roots with spring rain. † Eliot instantly declares April–a month by and large associated with sorely missed heat. regeneration. life. and beauty–the barbarous month. stirring life in an otherwise dead land and thereby raising painful memories of a happier and more comfortable clip which one can non assist but lose and want deeply when confronted with a hint of it. Eliot goes on to claim that â€Å"Winter kept us warm. covering/Earth in unretentive snow. † proposing that at least when the land was absolutely dead it left its dwellers numb to the hurting of what they’d lost. Still other happy memories haunt the land that has now turned into waste ; Eliot writes of a surprising summer lavishing the dwellers of the land in rain–an image itself which implies life. prosperity. and regeneration–causing people to halt in the colonnade. imbibe java. and speak for an hr. Still Eliot has the talker recount pleasant childhood memories of â€Å"staying at the archduke’s† and traveling sleighing. declaring. â€Å"In the mountains. there you feel free. † These warm and affectionate contemplations on unworried young person base in contrast to the speaker’s current. deadened life. which involves reading â€Å"much of the night† and traveling â€Å"south in the winter. † and mirror the land in the Grail legend’s happy. comfortable society turning into a barren. particularly when sing the versions of the narrative which involve the Fisher King enduring from extreme. blowing old age which must be restored to y outh if the land is to be healed. Other traces of a healthy. happy past appear still in â€Å"The Waste Land. † doing its current province of decease and devastation even darker in comparing. In The Fire Sermon. after detecting that â€Å"the river’s collapsible shelter is broken† and â€Å"the nymphs are departed. † the talker requests that the river Thames â€Å"run softly† until his vocal is ended. He comments that â€Å"The River bears no empty bottles. sandwich documents.Silk hankies. composition board boxes. coffin nail terminalsOr other testimony of summer darks. † While the talker expects to see marks of life and hints of happy. carefree. enjoyable summer darks shared by people at the riverbank. the talker sees nil at all apart from the river itself and is cognizant of merely the air current traversing â€Å"the brown land. unheard. † What he finds alternatively is an empty. dead scene. made eerier by the lively things that used to take topographic point at that place. and made eerier and more desolate still by being marked with â€Å"the rattling of bones† and a rat dragging â€Å"its slimy belly on the bank. † It is clear that this topographic point has non ever been this manner ; instead. it was one time a happy scene that has since sickened and turned to waste. Not merely have lively topographic points been turned into barrens. but the people and their relationships. which might one time hold been pleasant and promising. have turned barren every bit good. Such relationships between work forces and adult females in â€Å"The Waste Land. † particularly 1s that involve sexual disfunction. mirror the Grail fable in which the Fisher King’s lesion consequences in sexual powerlessness and the ultimate cachexia of the land. In a subdivision of The Burial of the Dead. the talker remembers a adult female he calls â€Å"the hyacinth girl† walking with him from the Hyacinth garden. her hair moisture and her weaponries full of flowers. These images doubtless harken back to a clip when flowers. H2O. and life were a portion of a happy and lively society ; [ so. even the talker remembers himself as dumbfounded and unable to talk at the clip. feeling as though by looking at this miss he was â€Å"looking into the bosom of visible radia tion. † ] Such memories. declarative mood of both actual life and the animation of people and their connexions to one another. have now given manner to a desert waste. a land missing in H2O ( What the Thunder Said ) and thereby missing in life and the felicity associated with life and prosperity. and a land missing in meaningful and promising connexions between people. Whereas the hyacinth miss was enchanting. go forthing the talker in The Burial of the Dead dumb in a manner that floored him and made him experience as though he were â€Å"looking into the bosom of visible radiation. † the talker in A Game of Chess finds himself interchanging few words with his female opposite number non because he is amazed by her but because he is weary of her and her ailments. The adult female tries urgently to discourse with him and inspire concern in him. claiming that her â€Å"nerves are bad to-night† and bespeaking that he remain with her. When she additions no response. she grapples betwe en biding him and demanding that he answer to her: â€Å"Speak to me. Why do you neer speak. Speak.â€Å"What are you believing of? What believing? What?â€Å"I neer know what you are believing. Think. † Still she continues. inquiring him to explicate noises she is hearing to which he frustratedly answers that the noises are â€Å"The air current under the door† and so â€Å"Nothing once more nil. † When she asks him urgently what she shall make. what they shall make tomorrow. and. eventually. what they shall of all time make. he replies at last with a humdrum list of activities. Their being and relationship can be considered a barren itself of kinds as they are steeped in humdrum and sadness. a clearly hard-pressed married woman seeking urgently to pass on and portion her life with with a hubby whom has no forbearance or desire to pass on with her. Another waste and peculiarly sexually dysfunctional relationship is described in A Game of Chess between a adult female named Lil and her hubby Albert. Amid calls of a barman. a friend of Lil chides her for non holding used the money Albert gave her â€Å"to acquire yourself some dentitions. † She insists that he won’t â€Å"bear to look at her. † that â€Å"he wants a good clip. /And if you don’t give it him. there’s others will. † She goes on to name Lil â€Å"antique† and insists that if Albert does travel off with other adult females. â€Å"it won’t be for deficiency of stating. † Lil indignantly replies that her province has been brought on by medicine she took to â€Å"bring it off. † proposing that she induced an abortion. to which her friend answers. â€Å"What you get married for if you don’t want kids? † The barrenness of the relationship between Lil and Albert and its sexual disfunction is evident ; Lil has become so unwanted to Albert that he might be unfaithful to her upon his return from the ground forces. Furthermore. their sexual relationship and ability to partake in the regeneration of life themselves has been stunted if non wholly destroyed both by Lil about deceasing â€Å"of immature George† and by her self-medicated abortion of a subsequent gestation. They represent a barren of a relationship. waste. lifeless. unhappy. unable ( or unwilling ) to renew and make new life. and thereby reminiscent of the Fisher King whose wounding and sexual powerlessness or inability to renew has caused the land itself to neglect to give life. turning alternatively to waste. Still other illustrations of waste and sexually dysfunctional relationships harvest up in Eliot’s verse form. In The Fire Sermon. Tiresias. an â€Å"old adult male with wrinkly female chests. † connoting that he has lived life as both a adult female and a adult male. perceives a scene in which a â€Å"small house agent’s clerk† engages a adult female â€Å"in caresses/Which still are unreproved. if unsought. † The adult female is described as seting up â€Å"no defence† or â€Å"response† to his â€Å"exploring custodies. † indifferent to his progresss. When he eventually coatings and foliages. she merely briefly thinks on the affair. a â€Å"half-formed thought† which claims â€Å" ‘Well now that’s done. and I’m glad it’s over. ’ † Again. Eliot describes a waste and deadened relationship. strictly sexual in nature but non needfully reciprocally so. and therefore lifeless and non r egenerative. The woman’s indifference to the man’s brief sexual progresss is itself reminiscent of a barren ; her deficiency of response or attention to what should be a lively and regenerative act suggests a kind of cold numbness like â€Å"forgetful snow. † Apart from the analogues between the waste land of the Grail fable and the waste land of Eliot’s heroic poem verse form. the influence of From Ritual to Woo on â€Å"The Waste Land† runs deeper. Weston’s book efforts to turn out the theory that the Grail pursuit is neither strictly folkloric or Christian in nature. but instead cobbled together from a figure of different beginnings. the most compelling of which are the nature cults with their ancient flora rites. rites which portion undeniable similarities with facets of the Grail quest. Merely as the Grail fable was informed by myriad inside informations of past civilizations finally melding to make this celebrated narrative. so excessively was Eliot’s heroic poem verse form non strictly his ain. but instead informed by past and outstanding plants of literature. Fragments of these literary plants appear throughout â€Å"The Waste Land. † working both as a parallel to From Ritual to Romance and as a manner to adhere Eliot’s heroic poem verse form into the timeline of celebrated literary civilization. paying court to past plants of art while at the same time set uping himself as a member of that timeline. an thought which Eliot demonstrates his grasp for in his essay â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent† : â€Å"The historical sense compels a adult male to compose non simply with his ain coevals in his castanetss. but with a feeling that the whole of the literature†¦ . of his ain state has a coincident being and composes a coincident order. This historical sense. which is a sense of the timeless every bit good as of the temporal†¦ . is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the same clip what makes a author most acutely witting of his topographic point in clip. † Present in the Grail pursuit are the influence of antediluvian texts and rites dating back to even the Rig-Veda texts in which anthem are strikingly similar to the ‘Freeing of the Waters. ’ or the Restoration of rivers and therefore the healing of the land. which takes topographic point in the Grail fable. Indeed. the wounding of the Fisher King ensuing in the cachexia of the land can be traced back to an ancient flora rite. that of the rite of Adonis which involves cosmopolitan mourning for the god’s hurt or decease which would ensue in the suspension â€Å"of the generative energy of the God upon whose virile activity vegetable life straight. and human life indirectly. depended† ( Weston Tammuz and Adonis ) and subsequently the rejoicing of his Resurrection. Such of import fragments of antediluvian. past civilizations feed into and act upon the Grail fable piece at the same clip allowing it stand entirely as a important and historical work–it is ex actly this balance of tradition and the single endowment that Eliot thought indispensable for an writer to hold and is arguably what he attempted to accomplish in composing his heroic poem verse form. make fulling it with allusions and fragmental plants while still utilizing his ain voice to state â€Å"the narrative of the folk. † In â€Å"Tradition and the Individual Talent. † Eliot makes still clearer a belief that the best parts of a work. doing it single and worthy of the literary timeline. might be that which has been profoundly influenced by other plants before it. connoting that a piece ( or an writer ) will profit and maturate most by feeding off of other groundbreaking work: â€Å"One of the facts that might come to illume in this procedure is our inclination to take a firm stand. when we praise a poet. upon those facets of his work in which he least resembles anyone else†¦ . we pretend to happen what is single. what is the curious kernel of the adult male. We dwell with satisfaction upon the poet’s difference from his predecessors. particularly his immediate predecessors†¦ . Whereas if we approach a poet without this bias we shall frequently happen that non merely the best. but the most single parts of his work may be those in which the dead poets. his ascendants. assert their immortality most smartly. † It can be said that Eliot surely made it one of his purposes to accomplish this sort of traditional individualism non merely by analyzing â€Å"The Waste Land† in its concluding signifier. but besides by analyzing parts of â€Å"The Waste Land† that were finally rejected. Eliot had originally intended to open his heroic poem poem non with the celebrated â€Å"April is the cruelest month† line. but instead with an extra subdivision entitled â€Å"He Do the Police in Different Voices. † a line taken straight from a Charles Dickens novel. This subdivision was written in an incredibly colloquial manner that stood apart from Eliot’s more precise and rational poetry. its linguistic communication less heightened and more accessible. connoting its talker as an mundane. unworldly adult male merely stating a narrative. get downing with â€Å"First we had a twosome of antennas down at Tom’s place/There was old Tom. boiled to the eyes. blind. † Th e subdivision feels as though it’s in action. invariably traveling from event to event. heightening the narrative feel with lines like â€Å"The following thing we were out in the street. Oh was it cold! † and â€Å"Then we thought we’d breeze along and take a walk. /Then we lost Steve† and finally stoping with â€Å"So I got out to see the dawn. and walked place. † This stream-of-consciousness narrative seems different from the remainder of Eliot’s work because it was non wholly single but instead straight influenced by Joyce’s Ulysses. a book which Eliot held to be a extremely important and groundbreaking work of literature. a point he emphasizes in his essay â€Å"Ulysses† : â€Å"I hold [ Ulysses ] to be the most of import look which the present age has found ; it is a book to which we are all indebted. and from which none of us can escape†¦ . it has given me all the surprise. delectation. and panic that I can necessitate. and I will go forth it at that. † Eliot even goes on to commend the book’s â€Å"parallel usage of the Odyssey† as holding â€Å"great importance† like that of a â€Å"scientific find. † once more remembering his stance on the great importance of the balance of tradition and single endowment. declaring. â€Å"In utilizing the myth. in pull stringsing a uninterrupted analogue between modernity and antiquity. Mr. Joyce is prosecuting a method which others must prosecute after him. † Eliot’s ain effort to copy Joyce’s Ulysses. so. was about more than merely the style–he was besides trying to copy Joyce’s usage of other plants to make his ain. While this subdivision finally did non look in the finished version of â€Å"The Waste Land. † that Eliot wrote it is still important. particularly when sing the rubric ; â€Å"He Do the Police in Different Voices† was something he was seeking to do–emulate the voices of others in his ain work. While some of Eliot’s efforts at court to works that came before his ain were cast aside. there were surely a immense sum of other allusions and direct quotation marks that did do it into the verse form. solidifying this balance between other voices and Eliot’s ain voice. Indeed. even the epigraph which opens â€Å"The Waste Land† is taken straight from a Latin text called Satyricon written in the Middle Ages [ source/expansion on this ] . [ material about verse form being riddled with fragments/quotes etc. ]Another fragment of past civilization. this one based on Greek mythology ( and hence reminiscent of the congratulations Eliot heaped on Joyce for utilizing the myth of the Odyssey in Ulysses ) . appears in II. A Game of Chess. After depicting at length the scene in which this subdivision takes topographic point. Eliot mentions a mantle which shows â€Å"The alteration of Philomel. by the brutal male monarchSo impolitely forced ; yet there the Luscinia megarhynchosFilled all the desert with inviolable voiceAnd still she cried. and still the word pursues.‘Jug Jug’ to soil ears. † This transition is straight based on the Grecian myth in which a adult female named Philomel is raped by the male monarch Tereus in the forests. who later cuts out her lingua so that she will be unable to state of his misbehavior. Because of the horrors she suffers. she is turned into a nightingale. everlastingly singing Tereus’s name in plaintive and accusative plaint [ citation ] . The nightingale remains symbolic to this twenty-four hours of mourning and darkness. and her continued visual aspect throughout â€Å"The Waste Land† in the signifier of a discorporate voice naming â€Å"Jug jug jug jug jug† and â€Å"Tereu† makes the presence of tradition and myth strong in Eliot’s work while adding to the hopeless waste land that the verse form portrays. In seeing how extremely Eliot regarded the emulation and blending of other culturally of import plants. it could be argued that portion of his regard for From Ritual to Romance and determination to allow it act upon his ain heroic poem verse form stemmed from its averment that the Grail fable itself. a historically and culturally of import and dateless literary work. was informed by fragments of of import civilization. Partss of it that might hold been considered single by some ( the wounding of the Fisher King ensuing in the cachexia of the land. the ways in which the land was healed. etc. ) were. in fact. straight informed by culturally important history that came before it. Its similarities to Ulysses. a book Eliot extremely revered. are important in the sense that it excessively is a dateless work non created out of nil but alternatively founded on history and past civilization. As Eliot greatly respected this construct of balance. it would do sense that among the other grounds t hat drew him to From Ritual to Romance. raising in him the desire to parallel his ain heroic poem verse form to that of the quest. the thought of the Grail fable as perpetuating this balance and solidifying its topographic point in the timeline would besides pull him and do his desire to happen that balance himself that much greater.

Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Health is considered to be one of the most important human possessions and people have been using the healing power of nature since the beginning of time. Modern science and medical advancements have largely developed drug treatment, thus complementary and alternative medicine is thought to be ineffective and is distrusted by doctors and patients.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The opposite view is beginning to dominate societies, as more people use alternative ways of medicine.  The modern world has seen many changes in the development and reliance on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The most general definition of CAM is any medicine or treatment procedure that is not taught in the medical school and cannot be called fully â€Å"scientific†. There include homeopathy, treatment of the body’s ener gy flow, chiropractic procedure, Ayurveda, acupuncture and many more (Micozzi, 2010). The most important principle of CAM is that there is a unity between the mental state of the person and the biological processes of the body. As such, philosophy and the outlook on life are very important in the practice of alternative medicine. It is true that people have been using CAM for many thousands of years but the evidence that is known today is somewhat inconclusive. One of the problems is that there are few studies done that are based on scientific facts and more information is needed to prove effectiveness of CAM. Homeopathy is one of the alternative ways to treat deceases and it is based on intruding a minimal amount of the pathogen to the body. The technique relies on the body’s immune system in the hope that it will build up immunity towards the unwanted organism. There are some benefits from the treatment that were reported, as a similar concept is used in immunizations with the introduction of the virus to the body. The negative effects include the possibility that the individual’s organism will not be able to adapt and will become ill. Another alternative to the usual medical treatment is Ayurvedic medicine. The origins come from India and have been practiced for many centuries. This form of medicine is based on natural plant and animal products and thus, can be seen as extremely positive for people’s health. The herbs that are used also have an influence on the balance within the person, causing a re-alignment of the life’s energy. The negative side is that there have been cases where research showed an increased number of toxins found in the remedies. Overall, any treatment that uses plants and animal materials has been shown to have inconclusive effect on the people’s health.Advertising Looking for report on alternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Acu puncture and several other energy therapies are based on finding currents of positive energy within the human body. Acupuncture activates the circuits by the use of needles and has been shown to be beneficial in activating a better flow of energy. Energy therapies are based on magnetic and electric fields that each person has and there is a close connection to the meditation, prayer and other mental exercises. Hand healing has been a part of the divine, energetic treatment for a long time, as people deeply believe that it is possible (Micozzi, 2010).  Even though the amount of evidence is not convincing there are cases where CAM has resulted in the positive outcome, so people continue using it and doctors are beginning to take a closer look as well. Reference Micozzi, M. (2010). Fundamentals of complementary and alternative medicine. St. Louis, United States: Elsevier Health Sciences. This report on Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine was written and submitted by user Bowen P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cuban Missile Crisis essays

Cuban Missile Crisis essays The Americans gained control of Cuba in the late nineteenth century and by 1950 supported a shady regime under Fulgencio Batista, who took control of Cuba by force in 1933. By the late 50s, the Americans controlled the Cuban economy. Fed up with Batistas corrupt regime, Fidel Castro, a lawyer with a liberal national background, organized a coup and seized the Cuban government. Once in power, Castro nationalized the US owned companies in Cuba, destroying relations with the Americans. By 1960, the US stopped buying Cuban sugar and Castro signed a trade agreement with the U.S.S.R. in which the U.S.S.R. agreed to buy all of Cubas sugar and to provide aid. Already, signs of bitterness between the two superpowers were building up and by 1961 the U.S. broke off all diplomatic relations with Cuba. In April of 1961, President Kennedy offered a military base in Guatemala to Cuban exiles and the C.I.A. to reinvade Cuba and recapture it. The Bay of Pigs, as it was called, was a huge embarrassment for the United States as none of the Cuban patriots made it ashore. Shortly thereafter Castro announced that Cuba was a Marxist state. The separation with the USA was complete. During the spring of 1962, the U.S.S.R. decided to deploy missiles in Cuba. Since the Soviet Union was behind in the space race, Khrushchev, the soviet leader, believed that if he could get away with putting missiles in Cuba, he could equalize the strategic situation with that of the US. Cuba and the U.S.S.R. also feared an invasion by the US. Since the Bay of Pigs was a failed attempt, the Cubans and Russians believed that another invasion would soon follow. Lastly, Khrushchev believed that if he put missiles next door to the US, the US would dismantle their missiles in Turkey. U-2 spy planes in August, 1962 saw and photographed Russian surface to air missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy, informed of these missiles, had three choices: a di...

Does Iran have the capability to block the Strait of Hormuz Essay

Does Iran have the capability to block the Strait of Hormuz - Essay Example By using this large manpower, Iran could achieve temporary closure of the strait. The Iranian navy has bases all along the coast line of their country, together with a large naval air station and operative headquarters at Bandar Abbas situated on the north of the strait. The IRGCN has military outpost on the islands close to the straits such as Abu Musa, Larak, and Sirri.To protect all these straits along with establishing their strong hold over all these areas, Iran has also positioned pre-surveyed missile and air defence sites with satellite imagery of the southern coast of Larak, facing the strait.30In addition, Iran’s continuous effort to establish their rights over the islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, situated in between the channels in the west will help them drastically if they ever push any effort to closethe strait. So after analyzing all the above points, one can easily mentioned that Iran can afford to achieve a momentary closure of the strait. This temporar y closure of any such strait have a greater impact on the world politics and economy not only in terms of oil trading but at the same time if there are any kinds of military approach is implemented to reopen it. Although, there is a different set of argument posed by other schools of thought that even if Iran should accomplish a blockade on the strait it would be partial due to the fact that it would inviteintervention from the international powerhouses like, UK, USA, Germany and other top power houses, by using their technological power and military strength can easily resolve the situation within a shorter span of time as it was witnessed during the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War.31 Although all the above mentioned points are true, it is also significant to consider the fact that as Iran has large number of sea mines under their control so one cannot overlook their

A Memoir tells a story of an important moment in our lives and its Essay

A Memoir tells a story of an important moment in our lives and its significance to us - Essay Example Many of them were standing here and there, talking in groups. Some of them expressed the dislike and arrogance to the new comers. As a student who, at the first time coming out of the security of home, I was homesick and worried very much. I did not see any one really. How can I, since I was blind with tears? Many of them were using English fluently. They asked something to me also. I did not give a reply since I was unable to open my mouth. At that moment I noticed one girl standing among the old students of the hostel. They were asking her many questions .It was not a dialogue, but it was an interview that I heard. From there conversation I came to know that her name was Treesa. I did not see a tint of fear or agitation on the face of that girl. She was bold and courageous. I also felt a slight admiration for her at any corner my heart. Sometimes I wished to become someone like her. Treesa became the favorite one for all among the new comers. She talked well and also became friendl y with all the students within one day. I found her consoling some other students who were bitterly crying for keeping themselves away from their kith and kin. I heard many others talking about Treesa. Though I felt friendly with her I did not show that forwardness to her. That day came!, the day on which we wanted to self –introduce to the inmates of the hostel . Usually it was after one week of the entry. I heard many stories about that day from some of the seniors who were friendly to me. Among them there was a girl who had fainted during the question hour. But now she was the chief among those fellows to interview the new ‘preys ‘. The session was divided into three. During the first part which lasted for three or four minutes, we wanted to introduce ourselves. The second part which was also lasted for three or four minutes, they would ask some questions to us. In the last session, we wanted to present a programme, a song, mono act ,dance or any other item whi ch they felt, would entertain them . I had already learned one song. All of us were expressing each other the worries and thoughts about the ‘impending disaster ‘, which would envelop them at any moment. All were prepared well with at least some programme and I overheard some of them even practicing the same secretly in their rooms. But our Treesa was very confident all the time. Some prickly girls even commented that since Treesa was the pet of all she would not have to face a tough time with the inmates. Somehow it started!!. Those who finished their session expressed the relief in many different ways. It was the time for Treesa. Everybody pierced through the sides to see what would happen on stage. Treesa introduced herself. The audience asked her to sing a song. She sang melodiously and the applause lasted even for one minute. Suddenly everybody heard a piercing sound. â€Å"Will you sing a fast number?† Yes, very coolly she accepted. Everybody enjoyed it well . For the second time another question came,† a rock please†. She did that also well. The chief among them came with a different one â€Å" What about a raga†, To the amazement of all, with same unstirred mind, Treesa sang a beautiful raga. Treesa confronted with another question now. â€Å"Who taught you these songs†. â€Å"My DAD†, the answer came soon. What is your father? , â€Å"He is a business man†. Where is your Dad doing business, What kind business is he doing? There were many questions ... but the answer was â€Å"

History Essays Bismarck German Empire

History Essays Bismarck German Empire Bismarck German Empire In what ways did Bismarck devote himself to the eradication of the ‘enemies within’ and how successful was he? Otto von Bismarck’s key role in the unification of Germany and subsequent creation of the constitution of the newly formed country ensured that his position as first Chancellor of the German Reich was completely secured. The German masses saw him as their national hero who had made possible the formation of a German Reich, established by an inspired victory in the 1870-71 war against France. His almost complete power is epitomised through the structure of the Reichstag, which enabled him to have the upper hand in all crucial decision making through his careful manipulation of Wilhelm I. At the time, the constitution was received by the German masses extremely well and most were happy to let Bismarck dominate over both foreign and domestic rulings for the next 19 years. Erich Eyck considers Bismarck’s position at the time â€Å"comparable only to that of Napoleon I during the Congress of Erfurt in 1808, when the Czar of Russia and all the German princes gathered round to do him homage†. However, despite the immense surge in nationalism that rippled through Germany and temporary economic boost from the French war reparations in 1871, Bismarck still faced many fundamental domestic problems. The years from 1871-1890 saw a series of vicious attacks on the newly formed Catholic Zentrum party and the Social Democratic Party (SPD); both essentially became Bismarck’s primary concern throughout his domestic policy. These seemingly incapacitating attacks on the political parties were designed to repress their influence in the Reichstag, however both actually gained support as a direct result of their persecution. This surely suggests that Bismarck’s devotion to the eradication of his political enemies within Germany ultimately failed. Yet, visible successes can be seen when looking at the Chancellors wider aims in the fact that he managed to further unite Germany from within, while arguably maintaining his immensely powerful position for the next 19 years. Historically it has been sighted that Bismarck’s primary domestic aim after the unification of Germany was to consolidate the Empire from within while maintaining the status-quo, and to uphold the Prussian dominated authoritarian system of ruling that had been instated in 1871. Ronald J. Ross makes the extremely valid point that â€Å"in 1871 the Bismarckian Empire was united only in its external form and that its internal consolidation, or refounding of the Reich as it is sometimes called, was not completed until 1878-79 or even as late as 1890†. Unification only solved the formal problem, by officially grouping together an extremely varied set of states, and not the practical issue of uniting the masses as one nation. Many still identified themselves as belonging to their particular state, rather than being German. To achieve this consolidation of power over his Empire, Bismarck sought to remove all opposition from within Germany that he saw as a threat to national unity or his position of ultimate power. However, war was never on the mind of Bismarck after 1871. He did not want to jeopardize what he had won for Prussia and Germany in three previous wars by foolishly waging a new conflict that could easily be avoided through careful political manipulation. By looking closely at Bismarck’s aims in these early years it is possible to judge how successful his devotion to the eradication of ‘enemies within’ was. Ultimately, his major concerns were with continuing to work towards a unified state, eradicating any form of disunity (chiefly the Catholics and Socialist) and doing both while maintaining the status quo. The constitution of the German Reich provided Bismarck with the means to essentially run Germany how he saw fit to do so and carry out his domestic policy completely unchallenged. It was presented to the German masses as a political structure where power was shared equally between the entire hierarchy; however, Bismarck had the upper hand in all crucial decision making as he was adept at convincing Wilhelm of the correctness of his policy. Prussian dominance held the key to authoritarian system, with Wilhelm, Bismarck and 17 out of the 58 deputies of the Reichstag all being Prussian, the system was always going to be run according to Prussian interest. Being responsible only to the Kaiser himself, Bismarcks policies were not threatened by the Reichstag which had relatively little influence. The only issue where the Reichstag could inflict severely on Bismarck was the alteration of the military budget, for this decision was, according to the constitution, in the hands of the Imperial Assembly. However, fear of a recurrence of the constitutional conflict of 1862, forced the Reichstag to approve the military budget envisioned by Bismarck himself from the years 1874 to 1881. This factor meant that Bismarck had completely unrivalled dominance over the ruling of Germany and indicates how it was almost impossible for any internal opposition to block his way in any way at all. Wilhelm was the only force that could really exert any influence over Bismarck’s reign; yet he never really held the desire to ever stop a man who united a country under the dominance of a Prussian authoritarian system. Perhaps most vital to Bismarck was the necessity to have an overwhelming dominance of support in the Reichstag. He achieved this through an alliance with the National Liberals up until 1879; a tactical move which further ensured his powerful position. The Liberals gained â€Å"about 120 out of 400 deputies† in the election of March 1871 so held the largest influence in the Reichstag. They were broadly sympathetic to the chancellor because he had brought about national unity, the partys major policy aim. They also shared interest in Bismarck’s anti-Clerical desires and the instatement of free trade. Bismarck was happy to work with the Liberals who were a very capable political party. According to Erich Eyck, their party consisted of â€Å"most of the leading parliamentarians, men of popular authority, of wide knowledge and political wisdom†. However, the collaboration was by no means a complete symbiosis. The foundation of the relationship rested solely on the fact that the Liberals could be relied upon to give their support entirely to Bismarck, especially in the implementation of the Kulturkampf. His willingness to switch alliances in 1879 to a Conservative Reichstag in order to focus an attack on the growing Social Democratic Party further highlights this point. He had no allegiance to the Liberals or in fact any political party and his association with both the National Liberals and Free Conservatives was simply only a way of strengthening his position and giving him a strong dominance in the Reichstag. His political flexibility throughout this time was a stroke of genius which paved the way for his future dealings with internal opposition within the country. It can also be seen as a move which prevented any further outbreak of opposition within the Reichstag itself. The proclamation of ‘Papal infallibility’ in 1870 was seen by Bismarck as a direct threat to German unity and formed the basis for his successive persecution of Catholics beginning in 1871. Forming one third of the German population, the Catholics were an inevitable problem for Bismarck due to the fact that they owed allegiance to the Pope. Bismarck saw this as undermining the political structure and a direct promotion of disunity. Along with this, and perhaps more influential, the Zentrum party, formed in 1870, were growing in popularity and in 1871 had 70 deputies in the Reichstag. Eric Eyck comments that â€Å"it was, from the outset, the second strongest party†, and held completely opposing views to that of the National Liberals, and ultimately Bismarck. They promoted church education, opposed civil marriage, promoted decentralisation and supported social reform, all of which were targeting throughout the Kulturkampf. They were fast growing under Ludwig Windthorst and were seen by many as Bismarck’s main threat in the early years after unification. After completely securing the National Liberals support, Bismarck began his attack on the Catholics with the abolition of the Catholic division of the Prussian Ministry of Culture in 1871. This was followed by the May laws in 1873, which restricted the Catholic Church in a number of ways, including the introduction of civil marriage and prevention of Catholic education. Looking back at Bismarck’s early aims, it is clear to see that he intended to purge foreign influence from German affairs. On the whole, he did not manage to achieve this with the Catholics and the Kulturkampf was generally a failure from the outset. Many German Catholics detested the pope’s assumption of infallibility but resented what Bismarck and the National Liberals did even more. Instead of going to Bismarck’s side, they rallied behind the Church. The Zentrum increased rapidly in support and the harsh persecution and imprisonment only strengthened their numbers to 94 seats by 1874. Jonathan Rose believes that Bismarck utterly misunderstood and underrated the power of the Church and caused a lot more damage to himself in terms of political opposition than to the Zentrum. This opinion is echoed by Ronald Ross who states that â€Å"persecution, if it did anything, became a spur to Catholic unity and determination†. However, although it is impossible to deny the failure of the Kulturkampf, it is important to remember that Bismarck still remained in political control through out the period. As soon as he could do so, he switched allegiances with the National Liberals and by 1880 the Kulturkampf was effectively over. Bismarck was adept enough in his abilities to realise that he had made a huge political mistake and reversed this to focus on his next targets, the Socialists. As noted by Carr â€Å"Socialism, like Catholicism, had allegiances beyond the Nation state which Bismarck could neither understand nor tolerate†. With new found economic prosperity in 1880, the Social Democratic Party grew rapidly in numbers and presented Bismarck with a real challenge to authority. A stark rise in the amount of working class meant that people were slowly becoming interested in social policy and state welfare. Bismarck regarded the SPD’s with severe ideological and personal contempt mainly as their policies collided with those of his conservative tendencies and that of his future allies, the Free Conservatives. His opportunity to attack the growing party came in 1878, when two attempts upon the life of the Kaiser enabled him to direct the nations patriotism against his political foes. He dissolved the Reichstag and put the blame solely upon that of the Socialists, which effectively resulted in the party being banned from all aspects of German politics up until 1890. In an attempt to further limit the party’s power, a series of anti-Socialist laws were introduced in October 19th 1878. Even though these measures did not ban the SPD completely, they prohibited the party from meeting and disseminating its doctrine. It also gave the government the power to expel persons from their residence who could be described as agitators. Although SPD deputies were allowed to sit in the Reichstag in effect socialism was banned in Germany. All Trade Unions associated with the SPD were also crushed. In 1880 the SPD, now in effect an underground organisation, met in Switzerland to resist Bismarcks measures. A new socialist newspaper was published in Zurich and smuggled into Germany. However, despite these incapacitating attacks on the SPD, once more the result only benefited the political party. Erich Eyck comments that â€Å"votes given to the Social Democratic candidates rose to 550,000 in 1884, to 763,000 in 1887, and to 1,427,000 in 1890†. Once again Bismarck had failed to achieve what he had set out to do in terms of limiting support for opposing political parties. Despite his contempt for socialism, Bismarck was aware that the demand for socialist reform was a threat that held severe potential for the creation of increased internal opposition. Due to the rise of industrialism and growth of the working class, living conditions began to falter. This presented the workers with an increased desire to support the SPD and perhaps more worrying for Bismarck, view his malicious attacks on the party with severe contempt. Bismarck realised that socialism could not be conquered by oppression alone and embarked on a program of state socialism which was to improve the conditions of the German workers. In 1883, medical insurance and sick pay were introduced, and 1889 saw the introduction of old-age pensions. Reforms brought about by state socialism were by no means as advantageous for the workers as similar reforms by the SPD might have been, but they sufficed to pacify the proletariat and those critics of the chancellor who had blamed him for disregarding public needs. This again epitomises Bismarck’s skill and flexibility throughout his years as German Chancellor. Despite his vicious attack on the Socialists, he had the political prowess to realise that without the introduction of state socialism, workers would rise up against him and rally behind that of the SPD. This is often seen as Bismarck’s greatest success in working towards his aim of limiting the support of his rival political parties. Bismarck’s methods of dealing with ‘enemies within’ during his reign as chancellor of the German Reich from 1871 to 1890 is best seen as a complete failure with several key successes. When comparing his initial aims to the actual results of both the Kulturkampf and anti-Socialist laws, there is no other way to describe Bismarck’s methods than a complete failure. Both party’s enjoyed greater success in the following elections and grew rapidly as a direct result of the persecution. However, although he devoted himself completely to the various attacks on both the Catholic Zentrum party and Social Democratic party, he still maintained wide ranging success in his many foreign policies. The constitution went along way to eliminate any threat to Bismarck’s total power and essentially paved the way for his many attacks on various forms of internal opposition. With the Reichstag unable to effectively oppose Bismarck, only the Kaiser had the power to dispose of the chancellor; a threat that, during the lifetime of Wilhelm I, did not exist. Bismarck’s opportunism was such that it allowed him to rely upon his political prowess to judge each situation on its own merit. Despite obvious failures in both the Kulturkampf and anti-Socialist laws, he still managed to maintain political control and effectively reverse attacks through careful political manipulation. The abrupt change from liberalism to conservatism, the swift change of heart towards the May Laws and the granting of socialist reforms support the view that Bismarck did not have a master plan; not even a firm ideological inclination, but did all he could, in order to remain the effective leader of the German Reich. His way of dealing with internal opposition was flexible and relied quite heavily upon careful opportunism. While it has to be admitted that he was unethical in his methods, he was succumbing to the broad demands of the public only to be able to carry out the foreign politics necessary to secure the German Reich for the future. By combining stubbornness with flexibility, Bismarck effectively kept the ‘enemies within’ under control between 1871 and 1890. Biography: Erich Eyck, Bismarck and the German Empire, George Allen Unwin (Publishers) Ltd., Fourth Impression 1980 Geoffrey Wawro, The Austro-Prussian War: Austrias War with Prussia and Italy in 1866, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition 1997 Gordon R. Mork, Bismarck and the Capitulation of German Liberalism, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Mar., 1971) Hans-Ulrich Wehler, The German Empire, 1871-1918, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire: Berg Publishers, 1985 Jonathan E. Rose, Otto von Bismarck, Chelsea  House  Publishers, (New York, 1987) Marjie Bloy, European History, A Web of English History, http://www.historyhome.co.uk/europe/bisdom.htm (date consulted 11/03/08) Ronald J. Ross, ‘Enforcing the Kulturkampf: The Bismarckian State and the Limits of Coercion in Imperial Germany’, Journal of Modern History, vol. 56, no. 3, 1984 William Carr, A History of Germany 1815-1990, 1996

The Origin Of Basketball And I Essay -- essays research papers

Over the years since basketball was invented, its popularity has gotten very big. The game is played all over the world and has made a lot of people rich through its many professional leagues. The National Basketball Association is, by far, the most popular league in the world, but a lot of people like to watch college, high school, and recreational basketball as much. The game of basketball is one of the most popular and exciting games to watch or play on any skill level. In December of 1891, Dr. James Naismith was a teacher at the Young Men's Christian Association Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was winter and one of his superiors, Dr. Luther Gulick, asked of Dr. Naismith to come up with a game that could be played during the winter months ("History"). Dr. Naismith had played rugby and he didn't like the roughness of that game. He wanted a team game which would get rid of most physical contact ("Basketball"). The game contained elements from American football, soccer, and hockey ("History"). Dr. Naismith contemplated the way the game should be played and what should be used for a goal. His original idea was to have a vertical goal. When he consulted some of his students, they brought to his attention that people would be able to block an attempt to score by simply raising their hand in front of the ball. He then came up with the idea of a horizontal goal in which the players would have to throw the ball in an arc. This would mean less force would be needed to get the ball in and it also meant that the opposing players wouldn't be able to block a shot so easily (Anderson, 5). He then asked a custodian to hang to boxes from the balcony in the gym. The custodian came back and said that he only had to peach baskets. That would have to do. The first ball used was a soccer ball. Since there was eighteen kids in his class, each team consisted of nine players (Vancil). Since the baskets were placed on the balconies, which happened to be ten feet high, the players needed a ladder to get the ball out after each score. By 1897, the size of teams had reduced to only five players and the ball was replaced with a slightly larger leather ball, very similar to what is used today ("Basketball"). As the popularity grew, more people began to go and watch th... ...it still does. The first great pro team was the Original Celtics of 1915 ("History"). It survived the NBL and dominated the NBA. The Celtics also changed the game into a future. The Celtics proved to be the best team in history. They were the first dynasty. Under some of the best coaches every to coach, they won an average of 57.6 wins out of 80 per season (Vancil, 12). They won eight championships in a row, and have a total of sixteen which is five more than any other team. The other great team throughout the ages was the Lakers. They won five championships in Minneapolis and six more after they moved to Los Angeles, for a total of eleven (Vancil, 26). The turning point for the NBA was the 1966-67 season. The Celtics were dominating and Bill Russell, the center for Boston, made $100,000 for that year (Vancil, 13). The fan interest was at an all-time high. In 1951 the first All-Star Game was held. The east had five of the leagues top nine scorers and beat the west easily. Eight years later, the Basketball Hall of Fame was built in Springfield, MA. It hold the names of great players, referees, coaches, and people of importance to the development of the game of basketball.

Software Licensing Over Software Piracy

In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12. 5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2. 2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U. S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate etting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret holder's rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court determined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical evice. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet also mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright protection under the rule of doubt. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the user's right to make a single ackup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i. e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D. C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a court (federal) to stop that person by an injunction and to give you amages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The Software Rental Amendments Act Public Law 101-650) was approved by Congress in 1990, this Act prohibits the commercial rental, leasing or lending of software without the express written permission of the copyright holder. An amendment to Title 18 to the United States Code was passed by Congress in 1992. This amendment. Known as Public Law 102-561 made software piracy a federal offense, and instituted criminal penalties for copyright infringement of software. The penalties can include imprisonment of up to five years, ines up to $250,000 or both for unauthorized reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies of software with a total retail Under United States law duplicating software for profit, making multiple copies for use by different users within an organization, and giving an unauthorized copy to someone else – is prohibited. Under this law if anyone is caught with the pirated software, an individual or the individual's company can be tried under both civil and criminal law. A Civil action may be established for injunction, actual damages (which includes the infringer=s profits) or statutory damages up to $100,000 per infringement. The criminal penalties for copyright infringement can result in fines up to $250,000 and a jail term up to five years for the first offense and ten years for a second offense or both. When software is counterfeit or copied, the software developer loses their revenue and the whole software industry feels the effect of piracy. All software developers spend a lot of time and money in developing software for public use. A portion of every dollar spent in purchasing original software is funneled back into research and development of new software. Software piracy can be found in three forms: software counterfeiting, which is he illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted software in a form that is designed to make it appear to be a legitimate program; Hard disk loading, whereby computer dealers load unauthorized copies of software onto the hard disks of personal computers, which acts as an incentive for the end user to buy the hardware from that particular dealer; and downloading of copyrighted software to users connected by modem to electronic bulletin boards and/or the Internet. When software is pirated the consumer pays for that cost by new software and/or upgrade version being very expensive. Federal appellate courts in the U. S. have determined that operating systems, object code and software cotained in ROMs are protected by copyright, and some lower federal courts have also determined that microcode (the instructions set on microprocessor chips), and the look and feel of computer screens is subject to copyright protection. Which leads to the problems of the widespread development of multimedia applications that has brought out major problems in clearing copyright for small elements of text, The United States Government has been an active participant in protecting the rights of the software industry. When the Business Software Alliance (BSA) conducts a raid, Federal Marshals or local law enforcement officials participate also. An organization known as the Software Publishers Association (SPA) is the principal trade association of the PC software industry. SPA works closely with the FBI and has also an written enforcement manual for the FBI to help them investigate pirate bulletin board systems and organizations (audits). With the help of the FBI, the result of enforcement actions resulted in recoveries from anti-piracy actions totaling $16 million The Software Publishers Association (SPA) funds a educational rogram to inform individuals and corporations about software use and the law. This program provides all PC users with the tools needed to comply with copyright law and become software legal. The SPA also publishes brochures free of charge about the legal use of software for individuals and businesses. Also available to help corporations understand the copyright law is a 12-minute videotape, which is composed of the most commonly asked questions and answers to them. The video tape is available in French and Spanish and all together over 35,000 copies of the tape had been sold. SPA has also compiled a free Self-Audit Kit with which organizations can examine their software use practices. Included in the kit, is a software inventory management program designed to help an organization track their commercial software programs that are on all hard disks. The program searches PC hard disks for more than 1300 of the most common programs used in Also available is the SPA Software Management Guide which helps companies audit their current software policies, educate employees about the legal use of software, and establish procedures to purchase, register, upgrade and backup computing systems. The guide in ddition also provides an Internal Controls Analysis and Questionnaire. The guide also contains all of the SPA's current anti-piracy materials. The U. S. software industry is facing the challenges of more sophisticated network environments, greater competition among software companies along with hardware manufacturers. At this moment more software than ever before is distributed on a high volume, mass marketed basis. There are many types of software out on the market and increasing every day. They range from graphical user interfaces for application programs such as mass-market spreadsheets, to more sophisticated technical software sed to design integrated circuits. The use of software plays a more vital role daily in our lives such as embedded software, which is critical to equipment in locations as a doctor=s office or an automotive shop. The instrument and devices found there depend more and more on software, because software provides the flexibility to meet the many different needs to the end user. As our lives our shaped and enhanced more by technology, there is already a greater demand One of the main concerns of the software industry is how to deal with the issues of Asoftware licensing. More and more customers ant customized software suited for their business or personal need, and expect the software development firms to accommodate to their wishes. The other side of this issue is that software development firms are concerned with unrealized revenue and excess costs in the form of software piracy, unauthorized use, excess discounts and lengthened sales cycles. For the customer and the software development firm, both have high administrative costs in regards to software programs. Software licensing policies were originally a result of software developers' need to protect their revenue base in the face of otential piracy. Product delivery for software is made up of a number of different components, which are referred to as ‘software licensing'. The following factors are taken into consideration when determining a cost for a ‘software license'; physical delivery pricing, metric discounts, license periods support and maintenance, license management Tech support, change in use bug fixes and Platform Migration Product enhancements. The most commonly found type of software license found in business is known as a, ‘Network license'. There are four types of categories that are classified as a network Concurrent use licenses authorized a specified number of users to access and execute licensed software at any time. Site licenses authorize use at a single site, but are slowly being phased out and replaced by enterprise licenses. Enterprise licenses cover all sites within a corporation because of more virtual computing environments. Node licenses are also slowly being phased out because they are mainly used in a client/server environment, since the licensed software may be used only on a specified workstation in which a user must log on to in order to access and execute the software application. Currently the rend in a network system is to use measurement software, which allows vendors to be more flexible in licensing arrangements. This management software monitors and restricts the number of users or clients who may access and execute the application software at any one time. This is significant because a user pays only for needed use and a vendor can monitor such use to protect intellectual property. A new type of license that is emerging is known as a, ‘currency-based license'. This type of license work on the basis that it provides to the end user a specified dollar amount of software licenses. For example, licenses or different business application software, so long as the total value in use at a given time is less than dollars. Another type of license emerging is known as a ‘platform-independent' licensing, which one license permits software to be used on a variety of different computer systems within a business, instead of buying a different license for each version of the same software used by different systems. The most common type of licensing is known as ‘Shrink-wrap', the concept behind this that the licenses terms are deemed accepted once the end user breaks a shrink-wrap seal or opens a sealed envelope ontaining the software. A reason for these new types of licensing emerging is that when software licensing was first introduced, the software development firms assumed that most businesses would use the software for a 8 to 10 hour period. Yet, did not take into consideration that with the advancement of technology, more businesses would want a ‘floating license' across the world for 24 hours – thus it was not cost effective for the software development firm. A floating license is a license that is made available to anyone on a network. The licenses are not ‘locked' to particular workstations, nstead they Afloat to modes on the network. Shareware, freeware and public domain are different type of software available to the end user, and are distinguished by different rules about how programs may be distributed, copied, used and modified. The term ‘shareware' refers to software that is distributed at a low cost, but which requires usually a payment after a certain time period and registration for full use. Copies of this software are offered on a trial basis, the end user is free to try a scaled down version of the program. If the end user wants the shareware program, ncluded in the program is information specifying how to register the program and what fee is required. Once registered the end user will typically receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the software (often with additional features), and the legal right to use the program in their home or business. The advantage that shareware has is that it lets the end user thoroughly test a program to see if it=s useful before making a purchase. The authors of shareware programs retain their copyright on the contents, and as other copyrighted Freeware is also distributed at a very low cost and like hareware is found mainly on the Internet. The authors of the freeware program do not expect payment for their software. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or incomplete programs that are released by authors for the potential benefit to others, but the drawback to this is that there is no technical support. Public domain software is generally found on the Internet and is released without any condition upon its use. It may be copied, modified and distributed as the end user wishes to do. A license manager is a system utility-like application that controls or monitors the use of another end-user pplication. It is generally implemented to protect intellectual property (meaning to stop illegal copying) and/or to become more competitive by offering new ways in which to evaluate, purchase and pay for software. Since the license manager controls the number of application users, there is not a need to control the number of application copies. This process lets the end user run one or more applications between machines, without violating the terms of the SPA has created a program that companies can use to help discover and correct problems before they result in legal actions, fines and also negative publicity.